Protein target profile

VK055_2442

spermidine synthase

Genome: KpATCC43816 Gene: speE AIK81039.1 3D evidence: AlphaFold DB model + ColabFold model Metabolism 1 reaction UniProt A0A0H3GMP3
Length 286
Pocket druggability 0.951
Metabolic reactions 1
Chokepoint Yes
Direct ligand evidence 0 62 total records
Functional annotation 1 EC 4 GO
Target summary

Strong target candidate with converging metabolic, structural and chemical evidence.

Automated synthesis of the evidence currently loaded. Review the underlying records before prioritizing this protein.

Terms and data sources used on this page

PDB: experimentally determined structures from the Protein Data Bank. These are the strongest structural evidence, but may cover only part of the protein.

AlphaFold DB model: a precomputed predicted structure downloaded from AlphaFold Database/UniProt, not an experiment performed here.

ColabFold model: a predicted structure generated for this workspace; interpret it with coverage and confidence.

pLDDT: confidence score for predicted structures. High values support local geometry; low values mean the region should not drive pocket interpretation.

FPocket / P2Rank: software tools that predict possible ligand-binding pockets on a 3D structure. They are useful screening signals, not experimental validation.

Druggability: a pocket-based estimate of whether a small molecule could bind productively. It does not mean a drug already exists.

PDB ligand: a compound observed in an experimental structure. Direct same-protein records are stronger than homolog-transferred records.

ChEMBL: a public database of measured compound bioactivity. Direct entries are stronger than entries transferred from similar proteins.

ZINC: a purchasable-compound database. Here it marks proposed candidates from chemical similarity, not measured binders.

LigQ / LigQ_2: an internal Target pipeline step that gathers PDB, ChEMBL, and ZINC ligand evidence for each protein.

Off-target: sequence similarity to proteins we prefer not to hit, such as human proteins or beneficial gut microbiome proteins.

DEG: Database of Essential Genes. A match suggests the protein resembles genes known to be essential in other organisms.

Roary / CoreCruncher: pan-genome tools used to decide whether a gene is core across analyzed strains or accessory/strain-specific.

EC / GO: functional annotations: EC describes enzyme reactions; GO describes biological process, molecular function, or cellular component.

KEGG pathway: a curated metabolic route label used here to group reactions imported from the metabolic model.

Chokepoint: a metabolic reaction that is the only producer or consumer of a metabolite in the imported model.

Prioritization evidence

Selectivity, essentiality, structural confidence, conservation, and predicted binding-site evidence.

Off-target risk

Human off-target
Hit
Human identity (%)
45.0 Lower values reduce human off-target concern.
Human E-value
9.13e-27
Gut microbiome similarity
1.7% of screened genomes Lower prevalence suggests narrower overlap with the screened gut microbiome.

Essentiality

Essential (DEG)
N
DEG identity (%)
0.0 Higher values support similarity to known essential genes.

Localization

Localization
Cytoplasmic

Structure confidence

ColabFold pLDDT
95.0 0-100 confidence; >70 supports local structural interpretation.

Binding-site evidence

AlphaFold DB / UniProt model

The selected pocket score is the FPocket value used for ranking after applying the curated structure priority. It estimates small-molecule pocket quality; it is not experimental binding evidence. The 3D viewer may show a different loaded structure, so visible pockets can differ.

FPocket 0.951
Structure A0A0H3GMP3
Pocket Pocket 1
P2Rank 0.939
Structure A0A0H3GMP3
Pocket Pocket 1
ColabFold model
FPocket 0.468 · Pocket 2
P2Rank 0.948 · Pocket 1
Core conservation Conserved core gene
Roary core
CoreCruncher core
Gut microbiome 83 / 4744 genomes with a hit
Prevalence 1.7%

Cross-references

External database identifiers for this protein, its structures, ligands, and metabolic reactions.

Metabolic context

Reactions catalyzed, pathway membership, and centrality in the genome-scale metabolic network.

Explore metabolic network

Attractive metabolic target: catalyzes a producing & consuming chokepoint reaction in Arginine and proline metabolism, no isoenzyme backup detected, more central than 95.8% of genes in this genome.

Relative network centrality 95.8% more central than 95.8% of genes in this genome
Chokepoint Chokepoint gene
Catalyzed reaction

1 reaction mapped to this gene in the metabolic model. Open the full network to see each one, with substrates/products and the reaction-reaction map.

Imported from KpATCC43816.sbml · 2026-07-09

Sequence

Primary amino-acid sequence viewer.

MADNPLWHETLHDHFGQYFSVDNVLYHEKTDHQDLIIFDNRAFGRVMALDGVVQTTERDEFIYHEMMTHVPLLAHGNAKHVLIIGGGDGAMLREVSRHRSIETITMVEIDAGVVSFCRQYLPNHNAGAYDDPRFTLVIDDGVNFVNQTTQTFDVIISDCTDPIGPGESLFTSAFYEGCKRCLNPGGIFVAQNGVCFLQQDEAVGSHRKLSHYFRDVSFYQAAIPTYYGGIMTFAWASDNEALRHLSSEIIQARFHKANLTCRYYNPAIHTAAFALPQYLHDALSAP

Functional annotations

Enzyme classification and Gene Ontology terms linked to this protein.

1 EC 4 GO

Enzyme Commission (EC)

1

Gene Ontology (GO)

4
  • GO:0003824 Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.
  • GO:0005829 The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
  • GO:0004766 Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + putrescine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + spermidine.
  • GO:0008295 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.

Sequence domains and features

Domain and signature matches imported from InterPro and related databases.

23 records
Show feature table
Start End DB Term Name
81 191 CDD cd02440 AdoMet_MTases
1 54 Gene3D G3DSA:2.30.140.10 Spermidine synthase, tetramerisation domain
1 54 InterPro IPR037163 Spermidine synthase, tetramerisation domain superfamily
17 241 NCBIfam NF037959 fused MFS/spermidine synthase
55 285 Gene3D G3DSA:3.40.50.150 Vaccinia Virus protein VP39
55 285 InterPro IPR029063 S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase superfamily
6 284 Hamap MF_00198 Polyamine aminopropyltransferase [speE].
6 284 InterPro IPR001045 Spermidine/spermine synthases
7 278 NCBIfam TIGR00417 spermidine synthase
7 278 InterPro IPR001045 Spermidine/spermine synthases
5 238 ProSiteProfiles PS51006 Polyamine biosynthesis (PABS) domain profile.
5 238 InterPro IPR030374 Polyamine biosynthesis domain
81 94 ProSitePatterns PS01330 Polyamine biosynthesis (PABS) domain signature.
81 94 InterPro IPR030373 Polyamine biosynthesis domain, conserved site
60 239 Pfam PF01564 Spermine/spermidine synthase domain
1 54 FunFam G3DSA:2.30.140.10:FF:000002 Polyamine aminopropyltransferase
55 286 FunFam G3DSA:3.40.50.150:FF:000026 Polyamine aminopropyltransferase
4 283 PANTHER PTHR11558 SPERMIDINE/SPERMINE SYNTHASE
4 283 InterPro IPR001045 Spermidine/spermine synthases
6 57 Pfam PF17284 Spermidine synthase tetramerisation domain
6 57 InterPro IPR035246 Spermidine synthase, tetramerisation domain
7 283 SUPERFAMILY SSF53335 S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferases
7 283 InterPro IPR029063 S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase superfamily

3D structure

Selected loaded structure. Experimental PDB entries may cover only a portion of the sequence; AlphaFold DB and ColabFold models typically cover the full protein but remain computational predictions.

Download VMD script Full viewer

Loading 3D structure...

Drag to rotate — click the view, then scroll to zoom.

Pocket score High Medium Low
How colors and pocket overlays are used
Uniform protein color marks the displayed model as a single molecular object.
Experimental PDB structures may be colored by chain to distinguish subunits or copies present in the file.
Pocket colors and alpha spheres are evidence overlays for predicted binding cavities; they are not alternative protein chains.
'Alpha spheres' is FPocket's own cavity-shape geometry, imported when available and aligned with the loaded structure.
'Pocket atoms'/'Predicted site atoms' show the pocket's residue atoms instead: P2Rank reports residues rather than alpha spheres, and FPocket falls back to this when alpha-sphere geometry is unavailable or doesn't align.
'No pocket geometry' means neither alpha spheres nor residue-position data could be found for that pocket; the layer just highlights the same residues as 'Nearby residues'.
Pocket details Inspect a specific pocket, or open the full viewer

Binding pockets · FPocket

Druggability: high ≥ 0.7 · medium 0.4–0.69 · low < 0.4

Site 1 FPocket #1
0.951
Likely same site as P2Rank 1 3.0 Å 35 shared residues 90% of smaller site
Unusual size
Show in viewer
Surrounding area

Binding pockets · P2Rank

Probability: high ≥ 0.5 · medium 0.2–0.49 · low < 0.2

Site 1 P2Rank #1
0.939
Likely same site as FPocket 1 3.0 Å 35 shared residues 90% of smaller site
Show in viewer
Surrounding area
Site 2 P2Rank #2
0.015
Show in viewer
Surrounding area
Site 3 P2Rank #3
0.015
Show in viewer
Surrounding area
Site 4 P2Rank #4
0.011
Show in viewer
Surrounding area
Site 5 P2Rank #5
0.011
Show in viewer
Surrounding area
Residue sets
UniProt: Active site:158-158 Proton acceptor
UniProt: Binding site:108-108
UniProt: Binding site:140-141
UniProt: Binding site:158-161
UniProt: Binding site:165-165
UniProt: Binding site:33-33
UniProt: Binding site:64-64
UniProt: Binding site:88-88
All structural evidence 0 experimental · 2 predicted

Structural evidence

0 + 2

Experimental PDB entries plus predicted AlphaFold DB or ColabFold models. Click Switch to display a different loaded structure in the viewer.

Entry Method Resolution Chain Coverage Links Status
AlphaFold DB AF_A0A0H3GMP3
AlphaFold DB full sequence Viewing
ColabFold VK055_2442
ColabFold full sequence Loaded

Ligand evidence

Ligands grouped by evidence source. PDB ligands keep the source crystal visible, and loaded crystals can be opened directly in the structure viewer.

62 records
Chemistry signal

Structural and bioactivity evidence are both available for this target.

Direct evidence 0 same-protein records
Transferred evidence 12 records from similar proteins
Structural ligands 8 0 loaded crystals
Measured bioactivity 4 direct and transferred ChEMBL records
Proposed compounds 50 similarity-based ZINC candidates
Best available ligand signal
AAT PDB via homolog 423.5 Da · LogP 0.12 · TPSA 171.3 Open detail RCSB PDB
DSH PDB via homolog Detail RCSB PDB
HAI PDB via homolog Detail RCSB PDB
MLI PDB via homolog Detail RCSB PDB
MTA PDB via homolog Detail RCSB PDB

Structural evidence inferred from similar proteins. The source crystal indicates where the ligand was observed; the UniProt column identifies the homologous protein carrying that ligand.

Show only:
Ligand Source crystal UniProt (homolog) MW · LogP · TPSA Lipinski PAINS SMILES
AAT RCSB PDB Q9WZC2 423.5 Da LogP 0.12 TPSA 171.3 1 viol. ✓ Clean c1nc(c2c(n1)n(cn2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)…
DSH RCSB PDB P19623 340.4 Da LogP -0.89 TPSA 145.3 ✓ Ro5 ✓ Clean c1nc(c2c(n1)n(cn2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)…
HAI RCSB PDB Q9ZUB3 100.2 Da LogP 0.56 TPSA 27.6 ✓ Ro5 ✓ Clean C1CCC(CC1)[NH3+]
MLI RCSB PDB O48661 102.0 Da LogP -3.12 TPSA 80.3 ✓ Ro5 ✓ Clean C(C(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-]
MTA RCSB PDB P19623 297.3 Da LogP -0.61 TPSA 119.3 ✓ Ro5 ✓ Clean CSC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)n2cnc3c2ncnc3N)…
PUT RCSB PDB P19623 88.2 Da LogP -0.32 TPSA 52.0 ✓ Ro5 ✓ Clean C(CCN)CN
S4M RCSB PDB P19623 356.5 Da LogP -0.99 TPSA 145.3 ✓ Ro5 ✓ Clean C[S@@H](CCCN)C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)n2cn…
SPD RCSB PDB P19623 145.2 Da LogP -0.34 TPSA 64.1 ✓ Ro5 ✓ Clean C(CCNCCCN)CN

PDB and ChEMBL records on this protein are shown in full. ChEMBL records from similar proteins are capped at the top 100 per protein (by pchembl) and ZINC at the top 50 (Tanimoto ≥ 0.5). ADME columns are descriptor-based screening flags, not experimental toxicity results.